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Presiden Paling Sederhana Di Dunia


Bagi sebagian orang di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia, kehidupan seorang Presiden identik dengan kemewahan. Banyak Presiden di dunia tinggal di rumah mewah, kemana-mana naik limusin, punya banyak pengawal, fasilitas serba mewah, gaji banyak, dan bisnis keluarga yang dijalankan oleh anak dan istri.
Namun, tidak semua Presiden seperti itu. Di belahan dunia lain, terutama di Amerika Latin, muncul pemimpin-pemimpin yang tak beda jauh dengan kehidupan rakyatnya. Bagi mereka, menjadi Presiden adalah melayani rakyat.
Berikut nama-nama Presiden yang cukup sederhana di dunia:

1.    Fernando Lugo
Dia mendapat julukan “pastor kaum papa”. Maklum, sebelum menjadi kandidat Presiden, Fernando Lugo adalah pastor yang sangat getol membela kaum tertindas. “Bila ada hal yang paling menyakitkan saya, maka itu adalah ketidakadilan dan terutama sekali ketidakadilan sosial,” kata Lugo.
Begitu dilantik menjadi Presiden tahun 2008, Lugo langsung menyatakan tidak akan menerima gajinya sebagai Presiden sebesar 4000 USD per bulan. “Saya tidak membutuhkan gaji itu, yang sebetulnya hak kaum miskin,” katanya.
Selama menjadi Presiden, Lugo memilih tetap tinggal di rumahnya yang sederhana. Ia juga selalu berpakaian sangat sederhana: kemeja panjang atau lengan pendek.
Rikard Bagun dalam laporannya berkepala “Terperangah atas Asketisme Lugo” menulis, “Setiap tamu, termasuk kami bertiga dari Indonesia (saya, Budiman, dan Martin), ikut menikmati makanan harian Lugo berupa singkong rebus, nasi putih, daun kol cacah (salad), dan ikan. Jenis makanan sehari-hari rakyat biasa di Paraguay. Tidak ada yang istimewa.”
Rikard juga melihat, pada hari pertama di jabatannya, Lugo dan Hugo Chavez menyantap makanan rakyat Amerika Latin, seperti ubi kayu, jagung, dan pisang rebus. Sayang, 22 Juni 2012 lalu, Fernando Lugo dikudeta oleh sayap kanan melalui parlemen.

2.    Jose ‘Pepe’ Mujica
Jose Mujica adalah salah satu pemimpin Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional Tupamaro (MLN-T). Ia menghabiskan 14 tahun di penjara karena aktivitas gerilya melawan kediktatoran.
Ia memenangkan pemilu tahun 2009 dan resmi menduduki jabatan Presiden pada Maret 2010. Sejak menjadi Presiden Uruguay, Pepe Mujica memilih tinggal di rumahnya di pinggiran kota Montevideo. Di rumahnya itu tidak ada pelayan. Hampir semua pekerjaan rumahnya, seperti memasak, dikerjakan sendiri.
Selama menjadi Presiden, Pepe Mujica menyumbangkan 90 persen gajinya untuk menambah anggaran sosial negerinya. Pada tahun 2010, kekayaannya pribadinya tak lebih dari 1800 AS dollar atau sekitar Rp 18 Juta. Ia juga hanya menggunakan Volkswagen Beetle keluaran 1987 sebagai kendaraan pribadinya.
Hidup sederhana memang filosofi hidup politisi kiri ini. Ketika ia menjadi anggota parlemen, ia memang sudah sangat sederhana. Sampai-sampai  Petugas parkir gedung parlemen sangat kaget ketika melihat Mujica datang hanya mengendari motor vespa.

3.    Hugo Chavez
Hugo Chavez lahir dari keluarga kelas pekerja. Ia tumbuh dalam kehidupan yang sangat miskin bersama neneknya. Begitu terpilih sebagai Presiden tahun 1998, Chavez menggunakan kekuasannya untuk memberdayakan kaum miskin.
Dia juga adalah sosok Presiden yang sederhana. Seperti Fernando Lugo dan Jose Mujica, Chavez juga menyumbangkan sebagian besar gajinya untuk anggaran sosial. Chavez juga dikenal Presiden yang sangat merakyat. Ketika melakukan kunjungan, Ia hanya menggunakan jeep atau menumpangi truk.
Ketika hujan lebat mengguyur Venezuela, yang berakibat banjir hebat di mana-mana, Chavez membuka pintu istana Kepresidenan sebagai tempat penampungan. Baginya, Istana Kepresidenan adalah rumah rakyat.
Chavez adalah pembebas bagi rakyat Venezuela. Ia menggunakan kekuasaannya untuk merebut kembali kontrol terhadap sumber daya dan kemudian menggunakannya untuk memberantas kemiskinan, membebaskan rakyat dari buta huruf, menggratiskan pendidikan dan kesehatan, menciptakan toko sembako murah di seantero negeri, dan uan pensiun bagi lansia.

4.    Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro adalah salah satu pemimpin Revolusi Kuba tahun 1959. Sejak itu, Kuba bergerak menuju sosialisme. Tak heran, karena langkahnya yang berbeda dengan jalan imperialisme itu, Fidel Castro dan Kuba banyak didiskreditkan.
Yang sering terdengar, Fidel dianggap diktator dan hidup sangat mewah. Majalah Forbes, misalnya, menuding Fidel punya simpanan 900 juta USD di luar negeri. Berbekal tudingan palsu itu, media-media mainstream menempatkan Castro sebagai orang terkaya di dunia.
Pada kenyataannya, Castro hidup sangat sederhana. Ia tak punya limusin seperti Obama. Pada kenyataannya, hanya menerima gaji sebesar 900 peso (Peso Kuba tidak punya nilai di pasar internasional, tetapi nilai domestiknya setara kira-kira 36$ per bulan atau sekitar Rp 350 ribu). Di Indonesia, kita hampir tidak menemukan lagi ada buruh yang dibayar di bawah Rp 350 ribu per bulan. Tetapi Kuba membayar gaji Presidennya hanya Rp 350 ribu.
Fidel sendiri sudah membantah tudingan Forbes. Ia bahkan menantang Forebs, “Jika anda bisa membuktikan saya punya uang 1 dollar di luar negeri, saya akan mundur dari jabatan saya.”
Dalam wawancaranya dengan Ignacio Ramonet, seperti ditulis di buku “Fidel Castro: My Life”, sekalipun gajinya pas-pasan, ia mengaku tidak sekarat dalam kelaparan. Sudah begitu, gaji yang kecil itu harus dia sisipkan untuk menyetor iuran ke partai.

5.    Nelson Mandela
Siapa yang tak kenal Nelson Mandela? Dia merupakan pemimpin terkemuka pembebasan Afrika Selatan dari kolonialisme dan apartheid. Namanya begitu termasyhur di seluruh penjuru Afrika dan dunia.
Meski begitu, Mandela tetap merupakan sosok yang sederhana. Begitu menjadi Presiden tahun 1994, Mandela rutin memotong gajinya untuk disumbangkan bagi anggaran sosial. Malahan, kemudian, ia menyerahkan sepertiga gajinya untuk membantu anak-anak.
Rumahnya di Johannesburg maupun di desa asalnya, Qunu, terbilang sederhana dan tak ubahnya dengan rumah masyarakat umum.
Tahun 1994, ketika negerinya didera utang warisan rejim lama, Mandela menyerukan pejabat negerinya mengencangkan ikat pinggang. Namun, sebagai langkah awal, ia memulai dengan memotong gajinya sendiri dan gaji Wakil Presiden.

6.    Rafael Correa
Rafael Correa adalah ekonom bergelar  PhD jebolan University of Illinois, AS. Namun, sekalipun menimbah ilmu di AS, Correa justru sangat anti-neoliberal.
Pada saat Luis Alfredo Palacio, Correa menjadi salah satu menterinya. Saat itu Correa berani menentang proposal IMF dan Bank Dunia. Sayang, tindakannya tidak direstui Presiden Ekuador saat itu. Correa pun mundur dari jabatannya. Namun, sejak peristiwa itu, nama Correa makin populer dan dikagumi rakyat.
Correa sendiri terbilang pemimpin sederhana. Tanggal 6 April lalu, ketika APBN Ekuador diancam defisit, Correa mengeluarkan dekrit untuk membekukan pembayaran gaji pejabat tinggi selama dua tahun. Itu termasuk gaji Presiden, Wakil Presiden, Menteri, dan pejabat tinggi lainnya.
Tak hanya itu, ia juga memotong gajinya dari sekitar 8000 USD menjadi 4000 USD. Memang, gaji pejabat Ekuador termasuk tertinggi di kawasan Andean. Dengan pemotongan gaji itu, Correa menyelamatkan APBN tanpa memangkas subsidi sosial rakyatnya.

7.    Evo Morales
Evo Morales adalah Presiden pribumi pertama dalam sejarah Bolivia. Seperti kebanyakan pribumi Bolivia lainnya, Evo kecil sangat miskin dan menghabiskan masa kecilnya dengan menggembala domba. Karena tekanan kemiskinan itu pula, Evo tidak bisa menuntaskan pendidikannya.
Evo adalah seorang petani. Penderitaan yang dialami oleh petani membuat Evo tertarik bergabung dalam serikat petani koka. Pada tahun 1995, ia turut mendirikan partai gerakan sosial bernama Gerakan untuk Sosialisme (MAS).
Dalam pemilu 2005, Evo memenangkan pemilu Presiden. Ia resmi menempati jabatannya Januari 2006. Begitu ia menempati jabatannya, Evo mengumumkan pemotongan setengah gajinya untuk meningkatkan jumlah guru dan dokter.
“Kita membutuhkan 6000 guru baru dan membutuhkan uang 2.200 USD,” katanya. Ia juga menyerukan agar menterinya mengikuti langkahnya. “Bukan untuk Evo, tetapi untuk rakyat,” tambahnya.
Ketika Peru dilanda gempa bumi, pada tahun 2007, Evo juga mendonasikan separuh gajinya untuk korban gempa. Begitu pula ketika terjadi gempa di Haiti dan Chile, Evo juga memotong separuh gajinya dan gaji Wakil Presiden untuk disumbangkan ke rakyat Chile dan Haiti.
Selama menjadi Presiden, penampilan Evo tidak berubah. Ia lebih sering memakai pakaian sederhana, seperti jaket kulit atau sweater biasa. Ia juga tidak meninggalkan kebiasan kaum pribumi mengunyah daun koka.

8.    Ahmadinejad
Ahmadinejad, yang pernah menjadi Walikota Teheran, Ibukota Iran, resmi menjadi Presiden tahun 2005. Saat itu, ia diminta mengumumkan kekayaannya. Ternyata, kekayaannya hanya satu rumah sederhana seluas 175 meter persegi dan mobil Peugeot putih keluaran 1977.
Selain itu, ketika baru menempati jabatannya, ia meminta pembantunya menggulung karpet antik peninggalan Persia di istana negara dan menggantinya dengan karpet biasa. Ia menolak kursi V.I.P di pesawat Kepresidenan.
Ahmadinejad selalu berusaha menggambarkan dirinya tidak berjarak dengan rakyat kebanyakan. Beberapa fotonya beredar di dunia maya memperlihatkan Ia tertidur pulas di atas karpet biasa.

9.    Lula Da Silva
Lula Da Silva adalah Presiden Brazil yang berlatar-belakang aktivis buruh. Ia lahir dari keluarga yang sangat miskin. Lantaran itulah ia harus meninggalkan bangku Sekolah Dasar. Sejak usia 12 tahun, Lula kecil hidup di jalanan, jadi tukang semir sepatu dan menjual kacang.
Pada usia 14 tahun, Ia bekerja di pabrik pengolahan tembaga dan menempati posisi operator mesin bubut. Lima tahun kemudian, ketika ia bekerja di perusahaan otomotif, ia kehilangan jarinya karena kecelakaan kerja. Namun, kejadian itulah yang mendorong Lula mengorganisir kawan-kawannya sesama pekerja untuk membangun serikat dan memperjuangkan hak-haknya.
Di bawah kediktatoran, Lula tampil sebagai aktivis kiri penentang kediktatoran. Tahun 1971, Lula terpaksa menyaksikan Istrinya, Maria de Lourde, yang menderita penyakit hepatitis, meninggal karena ketiadaan uang untuk membeli obat. Tahun 1978, Ia menjadi Presiden Serikat Buruh Pabrik Baja. Ia juga terlibat dalam pendirian Partai Buruh (PT).
Tiga kali maju sebagai Calon Presiden, Lula akhirnya terpilih pada tahun 2002. Pertama kalinya dalam sejarah Brazil dipimpin oleh Presiden berhaluan kiri dan dari latar-belakang klas pekerja.
Begitu menjadi Presiden, Lula tidak mengubah kehidupannya. Ia tetap berpenampilan sederhana. William Gonçalves, seorang Professor di Universitas Negara Rio De Jeneiro, mengatakan, “Lula adalah rakyat. Ia mengerti perasaan mereka dan berbicara dengan bahasa mereka.”

Lula terpilih dua kali sebagai Presiden Brazil. Masa pemerintahannya dianggap sangat sukses. Tak heran, tingkat penerimaan rakyat terhadap pemerintahan Lula mencapai 80%.

Greatest Antarctic Explorers

Sir Edmund Hillary
While best known for being the first man to the summit of Mt. Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary also made a number of expeditions to Antarctica. He lead the New Zealand section of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic expedition, in 1958. Hilary’s section was the first to reach the pole since Scot, in 1912, making him the third man to ever reach the pole. He also commentated a number of sight-seeing flights over the continent during the 1970′s, and established the Marble Point runway, in 1957. Hilary’s first-hand accounts of the continent’s many dangers are still required research for people planning to visit Antarctica. His achievements were so great that he is honored (and was in his lifetime) through being the main image on a New Zealand $5 note.


James Clark Ross
Many 19th century explorers, whalers and sealers knew about Antarctica, but due to it’s remoteness and the dangers of the surrounding Antarctic Ocean, it was largely ignored. James Clark Ross thought the land was worth exploring and, between 1839 and 1843, he took two ships, the HMS Erebus and the HMS Terror, farther south than any man had ever traveled. By sailing around the vast coastlines of the continent, Ross was possibly the first to establish that Antarctica was a continent, not just a series of islands. Ross discovered the Victoria Barrier, a massive ice shelf that was later named after him. He was knighted upon his return to England, and chronicled his journeys in “A Voyage of Discovery and Research to southern and Antarctic regions” which included one of the first uses of the term “Antarctica” for the southern continent.


Nobu Shirase
While most of history remembers Scot and Amundsen heroically racing for the pole around 1911, few remember the Japanese navy’s expedition around the same time. Nobu Shirase and his crew were the first human beings to make landfall on Edward VII peninsula, in 1911, and journeyed to 80°05′S – remarkable for such a small expedition. Nobu’s seven man team explored the southern Alexandra range before adverse weather forced them to return to their ship. One remarkable part of this expedition was an unexpected encounter with the Fram, one of Roland Amundsen’s ships, which was waiting for his return from the pole. At one point Nobu’s ship had to take an unplanned pit stop to winter-over in Sidney Australia, where they were assisted by fellow Antarctic explorer, Sir Edgeworth David (number 5 on the list), who was given a 17th century Samurai sword in thanks. The sword still is on display in a Sydney museum.


Sir Edgeworth David
It’s a bit confusing, but worth mentioning, that there are actually two south poles. The geographic south pole is the exact bottom of the planet, and what most people are referring to when they say “south pole”. The other south pole is the magnetic south pole and, in 1909, it was located at 72° 25′S 155° 16′E, a few hundred miles off the geographic south pole. Welsh Australian coal magnate and geologist, Sir Edgeworth David, was part of the first expedition to attempt to reach the southern magnetic pole; he and his men lived off a diet of seals and penguins while exploring the southern coasts.


He was also the first person to reach the summit of Mr Erebus, Antarctica’s only active Volcano. It certainly does take guts to not only go to Antarctica, but to climb an active Volcano while you’re there. David later returned with Ernest Shackleton in the Nimrod expedition and successfully found the south magnetic pole, in 1909, for which he received the Muller Medal from the Australian Association for the Advancement of Science.

Richard Evelyn Byrd
1929, When aircraft and flight were still in their infancy, US Naval officer Richard Evelyn Byrd, a Pilot and a photographer took a rickety Ford Tri-motor and became one of the first people to fly over the South Pole. Due to the extremely high altitude of the continent and the trans-antarctic mountain range in their way, the crew had to dump much of their supplies and equipment to lighten the airplane’s load, barely climbing over the peaks of the Trans Antarctic mountains.

This meant that if the airplane ran out of fuel or had mechanical problems, there would be no way for them to traverse the continent on foot. All of this just a little over a year after Charles Lindbergh’s trans Atlantic flight. Admiral Bird lead four more expeditions to Antarctica, becoming one of the first people who dared to “winter over” in the continent, where perpetual darkness and an average temperature of -70 degrees Fahrenheit (-50 Celsius) makes the environment almost unsurvivable.

Robert Falcon Scott
When it comes to something as historic as reaching the South Pole, there is no shame in taking second place. Robert Falcon Scott’s first expedition to the Antarctic was in 1901, but his crew’s lack of experience and the lack of proper supplies resulted in the expedition’s need to be rescued by relief ships. While this expedition was a success, many were surprised at Scott’s declaration that he would be the first man to reach the south pole, after barely surviving his first trip. He put far more planning into his next expedition to the South Pole. He received a telegram from Amundsen in Melbourne while preparing for the journey, Amundsen warning Scott he planned on being first to the Pole. Scott refused to treat this expedition as a race. He didn’t alter his schedule to try to beat the Norwegian to the pole, confident he was traveling by a much better known route and that he would make it first.

Scott chose five men for his final march to the pole, and when he reached it he found that Amundsen had preceded him by four weeks. On the return journey, while crossing the Ross ice shelf, a blinding blizzard pinned the men down, where a combination of scurvy, dehydration and hypothermia ended their lives. All the men knew their fate, and took time to write final letters to their loved ones. A monument to the expedition’s bravery still stands on observation point, a simple wooden cross inscribed with the names of the lost men and a line from Tension’s Ulysses: “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield”

Roald Amundsen
Amundsen is possibly one of the most well known polar explorers in history, and has the unique distinction of being the first man to reach both the north and south pole in his lifetime. Compared with Scott’s expedition, which was riddled with setbacks and problems, Amundsen’s south polar expedition was fairly uneventful. His use of hearty sled dogs instead of Scot’s more fragile Norwegian ponies, as well as careful use of his resources were the reason for his smooth journey, but Amundsen’s expedition was still extremely difficult.
He and his men trekked across hundreds of miles of totally unexplored mountainous regions and planted their flag on the south pole on December 14th, 1911 naming the area “Polheim” or “Land of the pole”. Not disliking his polar rival, Amundsen left a note for Scott Reading:

Dear Captain Scott — As you probably are the first to reach this area after us, I will ask you to kindly forward this letter to King Haakon VII. If you can use any of the articles left in the tent please do not hesitate to do so. The sledge left outside may be of use to you. With kind regards I wish you a safe return.
Yours truly,
Roald Amundsen.

Amundsen only lead that one expedition to the pole, but spent the rest of his life exploring until he disappeared near Bear Island while assisting in a rescue mission.

Ernest Shackleton
Compared to the two men that reached the pole, Shackleton’s contribution may seem infinitesimal, but historians remark that Shackleton and his men shared one of the most amazing adventures ever documented. Shackleton’s early expeditions included the first journey to the southern magnetic pole and charting a route through the trans-antarctic mountains that was later used by Scott on his southward trek. Being that the pole had already been conquered, Shackleton decided the next great quest would be to traverse the continent from shore to shore.
Tragically, this expedition was put to a halt when Shackleton’s ship (ironically called the HMS Endurance) was trapped in pack ice and eventually crushed, stranding the crew the near by Elephant Island. For almost a year the crew survived on seal, penguin and whale meat. They used seal blubber to make oil for fires to stay warm, and in one popular photo were seen playing soccer on the ice shelf. Shackleton realized that without help they couldn’t live like this forever, and decided to use the surviving longboats to make a treacherous voyage to a whaling station on the remote south Georgia island, 800 miles northward. With little food and water, and no medical supplies, Shackleton and five of his men braved the ice-packed seas.

After weeks, they landed on South Georgia island, starving and suffering from dehydration. Unfortunately, they’d landed on the uninhabited southern coast, so for the last arduous leg of the journey Shackleton and his men had to cross a mountain range that no one had previously crossed. He reached the whaling station and started to work on an expedition to rescue his crew. After almost a year and a half marooned in the antarctic, Shackleton’s crew was finally met with relief ships that took them home. Despite the fact his trans antarctic expedition was, ultimately, a failure as a voyage, it was a victory for the tenacity of the human spirit

Billionaires Who Started With Nothing

George Joseph, Net worth: $1 billion

Age: 89
Schooling: Bachelor's degree, Harvard University
Hometown: Beckley, W. Va.
Money made: Insurance
Best-known venture:Mercury General

Born to a Lebanese restaurateur in West Virginia, George Joseph flew a B-17 in World War II and returned home to earn a degree at Harvard University on the GI Bill. When he graduated, he started working for
 Occidental Lifeas a systems analyst by day and an insurance salesman by night. "I learned a lot about the insurance business during this time and it opened my eyes to some opportunities in other areas," says Joseph. He applied what he had learned to a new model of selling auto insurance that covered all risk areas. He founded Mercury General (MCY) in 1962 and built the Los Angeles-based insurer into a company with 2009 revenues of $3.1 billion.

Howard Schultz, Net worth: $1.1 billion

Age: 57
Schooling: Bachelor's degree, Northern Michigan University
Hometown: Brooklyn, N.Y.
Money made: Copies and coffee
Best-known venture:Starbucks

Howard Schultz grew up in a Brooklyn housing project, where his father worked from one blue collar job to the next. After attending college on a football scholarship, Schultz worked at Xerox (
XRX) and in 1979 became general manager for Swedish drip coffee maker Hammarplast. This led him to a small Seattle chain called Starbucks Coffee Co. In 1987 he acquired the company's retail unit for $3.8 million. Today Starbucks (SBUX) operates more than 17,000 stores in almost 49 countries, generating more than $10.7 billion in 2010 revenues. Schultz told Portfolio.com in 2008 that his decision to provide health insurance to employees who work more than 20 hours a week was due to a period of time his father spent laid-up with a broken ankle. When Schultz was named a recipient of the Horatio Alger Award, he told the Horatio Alger Assn. that his parents were essentially "working poor" who had been unable to live the American Dream. "My story is as much one of perseverance and drive as it is of talent and luck. I willed my dreams to come true," Schultz said.

Kenny Troutt, Net worth: $1.1 billion

Age: 62
Schooling: Bachelor's degree, Southern Illinois University
Hometown: Mt. Vernon, Ill.
Money made: Telecom
Best-known venture: Excel Communications

The son of a bartender, Kenny Trout grew up in Mt. Vernon, Ill. He sold insurance to get through Southern Illinois University. In 1988, Troutt founded Excel Communications, a company that grew to be the fourth-largest long distance carrier in the country in just seven years. Troutt retired in 1999 and turned some of his attention to racehorses. This year his horse, Super Saver, won the 136th Kentucky Derby.
Ken Langone, Net worth: $1.1 billion

Age: 75
Schooling: BA, Bucknell University; MBA, New York University
Hometown: Roslyn Heights, N.Y.
Money made: Investing
Best-known venture: Home Depot

Born to a plumber and a cafeteria worker in Roslyn Heights, N.Y., Kenneth Langone dug ditches and worked as a caddy while at Bucknell University. To help pay for school, his parents mortgaged their home. Langone later earned an MBA at New York University on a part-time basis. His first fortune came in 1968, when he partnered with Ross Perot to take Electronic Data Systems (HP) public. In the 1970s he teamed with Bernard Marcus to start Home Depot (HD), which they eventually took public in 1981. Langone hasn't kept the rewards all to himself: In 1999—and again in 2008—he reportedly gave New York University separate gifts of $100 million.



Alan Gerry, Net worth: $1.15 billion


Age: 81
Schooling: Dropped out of high school
Hometown: Liberty, N.Y.
Money made: Cable TV
Best-known venture: Cablevision Industries

The son of Russian immigrants, Gerry dropped out of high school to join the Marines. He started a tiny television repair business after training via the G.I. Bill. In 1956, starting with $1,500 saved from his business, Gerry borrowed $20,000 to create a cable company and worked from the ground up, borrowing carefully without equity partners or initial stock offerings. By the time he sold to Time Warner Cable (TWC) in 1996, Cablevision Industries had become the country's eighth-largest cable provider, with 2,500 employees and 1.3 million subscribers. "We were filling a need," Gerry says. "People were so hungry for television."



Carl Berg, Net worth: $1.3 billion


Age: 73
Schooling: B.A. University of New Mexico
Hometown: Tucumcari, N.M.
Money made: Real estate and venture capital
Most well-known venture: Mission West Properties
At the age of 10, Carl Berg's father died and his schoolteacher mother was left to raise him alone in rural New Mexico. To pay his way through college, Berg repaired vending machines at day and worked as a clerk at what Berg called "the best hotel in town" at night. Berg took the hotel job with the goal of meeting someone that would give him a job in investment banking. "My theory worked fine," Berg says and explained that he eventually approached a regular who turned out to be the largest home builder in the country. The man offered Berg a job in the local office. "I would call all the time and raise hell about way they were running the home office," Berg says. "When I got ready to graduate college, he said 'Berg, if you're ready, you can come run the mortgage company.'" Eventually, Berg used the skills he learned in the mortgage business to make a real estate fortune in Silicon Valley. From there, he branched out into venture capital, a business he continues today. "The way I'm approaching it is, I'm trying to give someone else the opportunity that I had," Berg says. "I do everything I can to make the company succeed." Today, Berg is chairman and chief executive of Cupertino (Calif.)-based Mission West Properties (MSW), a giant real estate investment trust.



Stephen Bisciotti, Net worth: $1.3 billion


Age: 50
Schooling: Bachelor's degree, Salisbury State University
Hometown: Severna Park, Md.
Money made: Staffing
Best-known venture: Allegis Group

Stephen Bisciotti's father died when Bisciotti was just eight years old, leaving his mother to raise three children alone. Bisciotti worked his way through school and went into the temporary help business after graduating from Salisbury State in Maryland. At 23, Bisciotti and his cousin founded a high-tech temp agency in a basement office; sales reached $1.5 million in the first year. He built that company into
 Allegis Group, now among the nation's top staffing firms, and stayed true to his Maryland roots in 2004, when he bought the Baltimore Ravens National Football League team.



Leon Charney, Net worth: $1.3 billion


Age: 72
Schooling: BA, Yeshiva University; law degree, Brooklyn Law School
Hometown: Bayonne, N.J.
Money made: Real estate
Best-known venture: L.H. Charney Associates

Leon Charney made more than a billion dollars from real estate investments, especially in properties around Manhattan's Times Square.
 The Leon Charney Report, his weekly cable TV show, states that his "rise to international prominence is a classic 'American Dream' story." Charney started amid humble beginnings as the child of immigrant parents. His father's death while Charney was young left the family destitute. Charney worked his way through college and law school, singing at times for money. (He still serves as a cantor.) With $200 in the bank, he started a law firm and first came to prominence advising President Jimmy Carter on the 1978 Camp David Accords.



Thomas Peterffy, Net worth: $1.4 billion


Age: 65
Schooling: Dropped out of engineering studies to immigrate from Hungary
Hometown: Budapest
Money made: Brokerage firm
Best-known venture: Interactive Brokers Group

Born in Budapest during a 1944 Russian bombing raid, Thomas Peterffy moved to New York in 1965 as a refugee from Communist Hungary. He spoke no English when he arrived, then found a job as a draftsman. At night he taught himself computer programming. In 1977, Peterffy bought a seat on the American Stock Exchange and shocked traders in the early 80s when he brought an early handheld computer to the floor. The company that eventually grew out of that seat on the AMEX became
 Interactive Brokers Group, now known as IBG. According to a November 2005 profile in Institutional Investor, Peterffy wrote computer code in his head while trading during the day, then went back to the office to apply computer models to trading. The early use of computers made him a pioneer in the field. Today the company's website claims it logs more than a million trades per day.



Alec Gores, Net worth: $1.7 billion


Age: 57
Schooling: Bachelor's degree, Western Michigan University
Hometown: Nazareth, Israel
Wealth from: Leveraged buyouts
Best-known venture: Gores Group

Raised in Nazareth, Israel, Alec Gores moved with his family to Flint, Mich., at the age of 15. Members of his extended family were in the area and he worked at everything from stocking shelves to being a butcher at his uncle's grocery store while obtaining computer science and math degrees at Western Michigan University. On graduating, Gores started a company to sell software and hardware to small and midsized businesses. After selling it to Continental Telephone in the early 1980s, he realized he no longer wanted to start businesses from scratch, so he started buying promising companies he believed were underperforming. Today, with $2.7 billion under management,
 Gores Group has acquired more than 80 companies since 1987 in the areas of industrial equipment, technology, telecommunications, health care, and business services.



Carl Lindner Jr., Net worth: $1.7 billion


Age: 91
Schooling: Dropped out of school at 14
Hometown: Norwood, Ohio
Money made: Convenience stores
Best-known venture: United Dairy Farmers

In 1938, when Carl Lindner Jr. was 19, most milk was delivered by milkmen. Carl Lindner Sr. came up the idea of selling milk from the family's dairy farms in grocery stores, eliminating a lot of delivery costs. Carl Jr. and three siblings helped support the family by running milk routes through the Depression, then expanded the business into what would become one of the Midwest's largest chains of convenience stores, Cincinnati-based
 United Dairy Farmers. Eventually Lindner branched into insurance and real estate. From 1999 to 2006, he owned a controlling interest in the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball.



Albert Ueltschi, Net worth: $1.85 billion


Age: 93
Schooling: High school diploma
Hometown: Frankfort, Ky.
Money made: Training pilots
Best-known venture: FlightSafety International

At the height of the Depression and still in high school, Albert Ueltschi opened a hamburger stand to earn money with the goal of learning to fly. Using the eatery as collateral, he bought a bi-wing airplane with $3,500 he borrowed. According to a profile in
 The Warren Buffett CEO: Secrets of the Berkshire Hathaway Managers, a book by Robert P. Miles, Ueltschi sold rides, put on airshows, and eventually flew clients around the country. In 1951 he borrowed $15,000 to start FlightSafety International, a company to train pilots. Ueltschi sold it to Warren Buffet for a reported $1.5 billion in 1996.



Oprah Winfrey, Net worth: $2.7 billion


Age: 56
Schooling: B.A., Tennessee State University
Hometown: Milwaukee
Money made: Media
Best-known venture: The Oprah Winfrey Show

Born in poverty in Mississippi and raised in Milwaukee, Oprah Winfrey moved to Nashville in 1968 to live with her father. Two years later, she won a scholarship to attend Tennessee State University. At 19 she was hired as Nashville's first African American TV correspondent. In 1983, she relocated to Chicago to take on the AM Chicago talk show later renamed
 The Oprah Winfrey Show. Her work in movies, radio, and publishing built an influential business empire. The first African American to appear on Forbes' billionaires list, Winfrey has frequently been the sole African American to make the roster.



David Murdock, Net worth: $2.7 billion


Age: 87
Schooling: Received high school diploma in 2009
Hometown: Wayne, Ohio
Money made: Real estate and acquisitions
Best-known venture: Dole Food Co.

Homeless and with little more than a few cents to his name after serving in World War II, David Murdock borrowed $900 from a Good Samaritan. He bought a diner in Detroit and flipped it for a profit of $700, then used the proceeds to buy a car to drive to Arizona. In the desert Southwest, he started building homes, starting a real estate empire that grew to include Dole Foods Co.,
 Castle — Cooke, and nearly all of the island of Lanai, Hawaii. Murdock's credo is listed on the company website: "To do the impossible, you must see the invisible."



Kirk Kerkorian, Net worth: $2.9 billion


Age: 93
Schooling: Dropped out of 8th grade
Hometown: Fresno, Calif.
Money made: Airlines, hotels, and investing
Best-known venture: Tracinda

Kerkorian started earning money for his Armenian-immigrant family at the age of 9, according to the
 Las Vegas Review-Journal. He dropped out of eighth grade to become a boxer known as "Rifle Right Kerkorian" and earned his first serious paychecks ferrying bombers across the Atlantic Ocean for Britain's Royal Air Force during World War II. He turned his flying practice into an airline and eventually went into constructing many of Las Vegas' biggest hotels. Kerkorian later branched into buying troubled companies such as automakers through Beverly Hills (Calif.)-based Tracinda. He has been Detroit's rescuing angel and menacing demon through various rounds of owning stock in General Motors (GM), Chrysler, and Ford (F). Since recession set in, Kerkorian and Tracinda have quit automotive stocks and diversified.



John Paul DeJoria, Net worth: $4.2 billion


Age: 66
Schooling: High school diploma
Hometown: Los Angeles
Money made: Hair products
Best-known venture: John Paul Mitchell Systems and Patrón Spirits

No stranger to hard times, John Paul DeJoria was born to immigrant parents and spent time in an East Los Angeles foster home. Following two years in the U.S. Navy, his odd jobs included stints as a janitor and gas station attendant. At times he was homeless. DeJoria worked his way up in hair care and cosmetic companies before joining with Paul Mitchell in 1980 to launch a hair products company, putting up an initial investment of just $700. The packaging was printed in black-and-white because color printing was too expensive.



Ralph Lauren, Net worth: $4.6 billion


Age: 71
Schooling: Dropped out of what is now Baruch College
Hometown: The Bronx
Money made: Clothing
Best-known venture: Polo Ralph Lauren

Ralph Lauren graduated high school in the Bronx, then dropped out of college to serve in the Army reserve. Next he worked as a clerk at
 Brooks Brothers, then toiled as a tie salesman—which caused him to decide that men were ready for wider, brighter designs. According to a profile in Time, Lauren sold $500,000 worth of ties in 1967, the year he started designing them for St. Louis-based Beau Brummell Cravats. The next year, he started Polo (RL) with $50,000 from clothier Norman Hilton. The company tallied $5 billion in revenue during its 2010 fiscal year.



Harold Hamm, Net worth: $5.8 billion


Age: 64
Schooling: High school diploma
Hometown: Lexington, Okla.
Money made: Oil and gas
Best-known venture: Continental Resources

Harold Hamm grew up milking cows, gathering eggs, and feeding chickens. The youngest of 13 kids born to sharecropper parents in Oklahoma, Hamm says that he hardly remembers a time when he wasn't working. "We came up working for the family unit," Hamm says. "You certainly learned quickly to do your part." At the age of 20, he bought a water pump truck to deliver drilling fluids and service drilling rigs. "That is the company that became Continental Resources (CLR)," Hamm says. "It was a very meager start." He says he raised his kids in much the same way he grew up. As his fledging company got off the ground, Hamm's wife kept the books and his daughter, starting as young as six, would answer telephones. At the end of last year, the Enid (Okla.)-based company estimated its proved reserves at 257.3 million barrels of oil, with interests in 2,317 wells. Continental Resources generated $627.7 million in revenue, according to the company's 10-K. Hamm remains at the helm. As he puts it: "I get as much excitement going to work today as I did when I was 20 years old."



Sheldon Adelson, Net worth: $14.7 billion


Age: 77
Schooling: High school diploma and some college
Hometown: Boston
Money made: Trade shows and casinos
Best-known venture: Las Vegas Sands

Sheldon Adelson grew up the son of a cab driver in Boston's rough Dorchester neighborhood. He started selling newspapers at the age of 12 and later dropped out of college to become a court reporter. According to
 The New York Times, Adelson sold toiletry kits to motels and tried mortgage brokering, then struck it rich when he founded Comdex, an annual computer trade show. He went on to build Las Vegas hotels around conventions, rather than casinos—not that he left the casinos out. At the end of 2006, The Times has estimated, Adelson's net worth had grown by about $1 million an hour for two straight years.



Larry Ellison, Net worth: $27 billion


Age: 66
Schooling: Two years, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; one term, University of Chicago
Hometown: Chicago
Money made: Software
Best-known venture: Oracle

Ellison was born in Brooklyn to a single mother, who asked an aunt and uncle to raise him in Chicago. According to the Academy of Achievement, Ellison dropped out of college and drove to California after his adoptive mother died. There, he held odd jobs for eight years before founding a software development company in 1977. That venture is today known as Oracle (ORCL), one of the world's largest technology companies. This year, Ellison achieved a dream in the realm of sailing when he won the America's Cup and brought the oldest trophy in international sports back to the U.S. for the first time in 15 years.